Differential Cascode Voltage Switch (DCVS) Strategies by CNTFET Technology for Standard Ternary Logic

Differential Cascode Voltage Switch (DCVS) is a well-known logic style, which constructs robust and reliable circuits. Two main strategies are studied in this paper to form static DCVS-based standard ternary fundamental logic components in digital electronics. While one of the strategies leads to fewer transistors, the other one has higher noise margin. New designs are simulated with HSPICE and 32 nm CNTFET technology at various realistic conditions such as different power supplies, load capacitors, frequencies, and temperatures. Simulations results demonstrate their robustness and efficiency even in the presence of PVT variations. In addition, new noise injection circuits for ternary logic are also presented to perform noise immunity analysis.     

A new quantum-dot cellular automata full-adder

A novel expandable five-input majority gate for quantum-dot cellular automata and a new full-adder cell are presented. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging technology and a possible alternative for semiconductor transistor based technologies. A novel QCA majority-logic gate is proposed. This component is suitable for designing QCA circuits. The gate is simple in structure and powerful in terms of implementing digital functions. By applying these kinds of gates, the hardware requirement for a QCA design can be reduced and circuits can be simpler in level, gate counts and clock phases. In order to verify the functionality of the proposed device, some physical proofs are provided. The proper functionality of the FA is checked by means of computer simulations using QCADesigner tool. Both simulation results and physical relations confirm our claims and its usefulness in designing every digital circuit.     

Thermodynamic analysis of load-leveling hyper energy converting and utilization system

Load-leveling hyper energy converting and utilization system (LHECUS) is a hybrid cycle which utilizes ammonia–water mixture as the working fluid in a combined power generation and refrigeration cycle. The power generation cycle functions as a Kalina cycle and an absorption refrigeration cycle is combined with it as a bottoming cycle. LHECUS is designed to utilize the waste heat from industry to produce cooling and power simultaneously. The refrigeration effect can be either transported to end-use sectors by means of a solution transportation absorption chiller (STA) as solution concentration difference or stored for demand load leveling.     

Study of phase behavior and Congo red dye partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems composed of hydrophilic alcohols (1-propanol/ 1-butanol) and sodium salts

ABSTRACT

The partitioning of the Congo red dye in ATPSs formed by alcohols (1-butanol, 1-propanol)/sodium salts was considered. Binodal and the LLE data were experimentally determined at 298.15 K. The salting-out abilities of the salts follow the order Na₃C₆H₅O₇ > NaH₂PO₄ > C₂H₃ O₂Na. The phase-forming abilities of the alcohols follow the order: 1-butanol > 1-propanol. The four-parameter equation was applied to correlate the binodal curves data. Therefore, The Bancroft and Othmer-Tobias equations were used to prove the reliability of the corresponding LLE data. ATPS composed of 6.5% of 1-butanol and 20% of Na₃C₆H₅O₇ had the highest values of extraction by the yield of 98.54%.     

Effects of hysteretic damping on the seismic performance of tuned mass dampers

A tuned mass damper (TMD) as a convenient passive device in average to tall buildings has limitations specifically against broad band seismic excitations. According to evidences from the literature, this drawback can be dominated by using nonlinear stiffness in TMDs; however, past studies did not explore this issue, and observations are not sufficient to reach a conclusion about seismic performance of nonlinear TMDs. This paper considers seismic performance of a nonlinear TMD developed by adding a martensitic shape memory alloy spring with significant stable features to conventional TMDs. To this end, single degree of freedom structures (from short to large periods) equipped with the nonlinear TMD are investigated subjected to set of ground motions, and through numerical analyses, effects of hysteretic damping and energy absorption capacity of the nonlinear TMD are examined. In addition, features of the proposed TMD configuration and effects of the excitation properties have been scrutinized through graphing frequency response curves by the arc length continuation method. Results indicate that the proposed configuration can make the nonlinear TMD robust against variations of the loading properties. Moreover, due to significant hysteretic damping of the shape memory alloy, spring seismic performance of the nonlinear TMD is better than conventional TMDs.     

Polyionene/Br3 Grafted on Magnetic Nanoparticles as an Efficient and Eco-Friendly Catalyst for the Metal Free Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-Ones/Thiones

Silicon - A novel polyionene modified magnetic nanoparticle with a core-shell-shell structure was developed for utilization as a heterogeneous catalyst in the metal free synthesis of...     

Isolation and Identification of Current Biosurfactant-Producing Microbacterium maritypicum ABR5 as a Candidate for Oily Sludge Recovery

Biosurfactants have a wide range of applications in different areas, including petroleum microbiology and environmental biotechnology. In this study, removing and recovering oil from oily sludge using microbactan-producing bacteria have been investigated. The best biosurfactant-producing isolate was obtained from a petroleum reservoir and was identified by 16S rDNA analysis as Microbacterium maritypicum ABR5. Its 16S rDNA sequence was deposited in GenBank, NCBI under the accession number MK100468. Chemical analysis using thin-layer chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared confirmed that the produced biosurfactant was glycolipoprotein. The strain reduced surface tension from 72 to 34.6 mN m⁻¹. The addition of 5 mg L ZnO nanoparticles to the biosurfactant-producing medium showed no bacterial toxicity effect and raised the emulsification index to 25.7%. Higher concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles, such as 10 and 100 mg L, decreased the bacterial growth rate and biosurfactant production. The mixing of M. maritypicum ABR5 culture medium and oily sludge increased the oil recovery from oily sludge by up to 70% after 5 days of incubation. This is the first report of biosurfactant production by a newly identified strain, M. maritypicum ABR5, isolated from a petroleum reservoir. We proposed that the isolated biosurfactant-producing strain could be considered an economical asset for oil recovery from oily sludge in the petroleum industry and environmental biotechnology.     

A low-power and robust quaternary SRAM cell for nanoelectronics

This paper presents an efficient and low-power quaternary static random-access memory (SRAM) cell based on a new quaternary inverter. For implementation, carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) are used. Stacked CNTFETs are appropriately used in the proposed design to achieve a considerably low static power dissipation. The proposed SRAM has a more significant static noise margin due to its single quaternary digit line, and it is appropriate for MVL SRAM design as there are more than two stable states. The simulation results using Synopsys HSPICE with 32 nm Stanford comprehensive CNTFET model demonstrate the correct and robust operation of the proposed designs even in the presence of major process variations. In addition, the proposed SRAM cell is applied in a 4?×?4 SRAM array structure to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed SRAM. The results indicate that the proposed design significantly lowers the power consumption and provides comparable static noise margins compared to the other state-of-the-art CNTFET-based circuits.

     

Divergence and flutter instabilities of nanobeams in moving state accounting for surface and shear effects

Transverse vibrations of elastically rested moving beam-like nanostructures accounting for surface effect are of high concern. The role of nonlocality on the free dynamic response of moving nanobeams has been revealed in recent years; nevertheless, the influence of the surface energy on the mechanical behavior of such elements has not been explained yet. In this paper, equations of motion of rested nanoscaled beams in the moving state are derived carefully via surface energetic-shear deformable beam models. Subsequently, the transverse vibrations of the nanostructure are evaluated using Galerkin-based assumed mode method. The explicit expressions of divergence velocities are obtained analytically, and these are successfully verified with the results of a numerical approach. The roles of crucial parameters on the first divergence velocity are addressed in some detail. Additionally, the stable and unstable regions are determined systematically and the influence of both surface energy and shear energy on the stability of moving nanostructure is discussed.     

Roll bonding behaviour of Al-3003/Al-4043 and Al-3003/Zn sheets

In the present study, the roll bonding behaviour of Al-3003/Al-4043 and Al-3003/Zn sheets were compared. The bi-layer sheets were produced by a roll bonding process at different reductions in thickness and rolling temperatures. The joint strengths of the sheets were evaluated by peel and bend testing before and after supplemental annealing treatment. The peeled surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the Al-3003/Al-4043 sheets were bonded with higher joint strength and lower threshold reductions in thickness with respect to the Al-3003/Zn sheets. In contrast to the Al-3003/Zn sheets, significant improvement was observed in the joint strength of the Al-3003/Al-4043 sheets after annealing treatment. Moreover, electron microscopy examinations showed that the fracture types of the Al-3003/Al-4043 and Al-3003/Zn sheets were predominantly ductile and brittle, respectively.